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\usepackage{amssymb}

LaTeX Math Symbols

Complete reference for every symbol you need — Greek letters, operators, relations, arrows, sets, calculus, and more. Click any command to copy it instantly.

200+symbols
10categories
3key packages

Quick start

minimal working example

Every LaTeX math document starts with the same two packages. Add them to your preamble and you unlock virtually the entire symbol set shown on this page.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}

\begin{document}

% Inline math
The quadratic formula is $x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$.

% Display math
\begin{equation}
  \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} \, dx = \sqrt{\pi}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

Symbol reference

click any command to copy

Browse all 200+ symbols by category. The command shown is what you type inside a math environment — wrap it in $...$ for inline or \begin{equation} for display mode.

α
\alphaalpha
β
\betabeta
γ
\gammagamma
δ
\deltadelta
ε
\varepsilonvarepsilon
ζ
\zetazeta
η
\etaeta
θ
\thetatheta
ι
\iotaiota
κ
\kappakappa
λ
\lambdalambda
μ
\mumu
ν
\nunu
ξ
\xixi
π
\pipi
ρ
\rhorho
σ
\sigmasigma
τ
\tautau
υ
\upsilonupsilon
φ
\varphivarphi
χ
\chichi
ψ
\psipsi
ω
\omegaomega
Γ
\GammaGamma
Δ
\DeltaDelta
Θ
\ThetaTheta
Λ
\LambdaLambda
Ξ
\XiXi
Π
\PiPi
Σ
\SigmaSigma
Υ
\UpsilonUpsilon
Φ
\PhiPhi
Ψ
\PsiPsi
Ω
\OmegaOmega
+
+plus
-minus
×
\timestimes
÷
\divdiv
±
\pmpm
\mpmp
\cdotcdot
\astast
\circcirc
\bulletbullet
\oplusoplus
\otimesotimes
\odotodot
\capcap
\cupcup
\subsetsubset
\supsetsupset
\wedgewedge
\veevee
¬
\negneg
=
=equals
\neqneq
<
<less than
>
>greater than
\leqleq
\geqgeq
\approxapprox
\equivequiv
\simsim
\simeqsimeq
\congcong
\proptopropto
\inin
\notinnotin
\subseteqsubseteq
\supseteqsupseteq
\perpperp
\parallelparallel
\precprec
\succsucc
\rightarrowrightarrow
\leftarrowleftarrow
\leftrightarrowleftrightarrow
\RightarrowRightarrow
\LeftarrowLeftarrow
\LeftrightarrowLeftrightarrow
\uparrowuparrow
\downarrowdownarrow
\mapstomapsto
\impliesimplies
\iffiff
\nearrownearrow
\searrowsearrow
\swarrowswarrow
\nwarrownwarrow
\emptysetemptyset
\mathbb{N}natural numbers
\mathbb{Z}integers
\mathbb{Q}rationals
\mathbb{R}real numbers
\mathbb{C}complex numbers
\inftyinfty
\forallforall
\existsexists
\nexistsnexists
\intint
\iintiint
\iiintiiint
\ointoint
\sumsum
\prodprod
\partialpartial
\nablanabla
lim
\limlim
sup
\supsup
inf
\infinf
max
\maxmax
min
\minmin
\landland
\lorlor
¬
\lnotlnot
\toptop
\botbot
\vdashvdash
\modelsmodels
\BoxBox
\DiamondDiamond
\hbarhbar
\ellell
\ReRe
\ImIm
\alephaleph
\ldotsldots
\cdotscdots
\vdotsvdots
\ddotsddots
^{\prime}prime
^{\prime\prime}double prime
°
^{\circ}degree

Math modes

LaTeX has four primary ways to enter math mode. Each suits a different layout need — inline prose, standalone display, numbered equations, or multi-line alignment.

Inline math

$...$

Embed math within a sentence. Numbers and variables flow with the text.

The area is $A = \pi r^2$ where $r$ is the radius.

Display math

$$...$$

Center a standalone equation on its own line. No automatic numbering.

$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$$

equation environment

\begin{equation}

Numbered display equation. Reference it with \label and \eqref.

\begin{equation}
  E = mc^2
  \label{eq:einstein}
\end{equation}

align environment

\begin{align}

Align multiple equations on a column marker (&). Requires amsmath.

\begin{align}
  f(x) &= x^2 + 2x + 1 \\
       &= (x+1)^2
\end{align}

Essential packages

Add these three lines to your preamble and you will have access to virtually every symbol on this page.

amsmath
\usepackage{amsmath}

The standard math extension. Provides align, gather, multline, equation*, split environments and dozens of math commands.

amssymb
\usepackage{amssymb}

Adds hundreds of extra symbols including \mathbb{} number sets (ℝ, ℂ, ℕ), \nexists, and many more.

mathtools
\usepackage{mathtools}

Extends amsmath with \coloneqq, matrix column alignment, \prescript, and fixes for common amsmath quirks.

Common mistakes

Three errors that trip up every LaTeX beginner — and how to fix them.

Using symbols outside math mode

Wrong

The value of \alpha is small.

Right

The value of $\alpha$ is small.

All math commands must be inside $...$ or a math environment.

Missing \usepackage{amsmath}

Wrong

\begin{align} ... \end{align}  % Error: undefined

Right

\usepackage{amsmath}  % in preamble
\begin{align} ... \end{align}

Advanced environments and many symbols require amsmath in the preamble.

Mixing text and math without \text{}

Wrong

$x = 5 if x > 0$  % 'if' is italicised

Right

$x = 5 \text{ if } x > 0$  % correct

Wrap plain words inside math mode with \text{} (requires amsmath).

\begin{document}

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